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Table 8 Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR and 95% CI) of having moderate or severe BPSD (scored 2/3 versus 0/1, on 0–3 scale), stratified by pathology, in cases with severe ADNC (Braak NFT stages V or VI)

From: Neurodegenerative pathologies associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in a community-based autopsy cohort

Symptom readout

Severe ADNC only versus control

Severe ADNC + LATE-NC Stg > 1 versus control

Severe ADNC + neocortical LBs versus control

QMPa versus control

OR (95% CI)

p valueb

OR (95% CI)

p valueb

OR (95% CI)

p valueb

OR (95% CI)

p valueb

CDR-Global

10.3 (4.8–23.8)

 < 10−6

18.1 (7.8–46.3)

 < 10−6

44.4 (12.6–202.2)

 < 10−6

37.2 (9.2–204.7)

0.000003

CDR-Language

7.0 (2.6–21.0)

0.002

7.1 (2.5–22.8)

0.0005

21.7 (5.8–95.2)

0.00001

21.4 (5.0–109.0)

0.00007

NPI-Q: Psychosisc

7.0 (2.3–26.2)

0.015

18.0 (5.8–71.1)

0.000004

21.3 (5.5–98.0)

0.00002

50.6 (11.3–294.2)

0.000001

NPI-Q: Agitation

3.4 (1.5–7.5)

0.027

4.2 (1.9–9.8)

0.0005

3.5 (1.1–11.1)

0.035

13.3 (3.6–55.1)

0.0001

NPI-Q: Depression

2.4 (1.2–5.0)

0.013

1.7 (0.8–3.9)

0.18

2.6 (0.8–8.0)

0.091

7.4 (2.2–26.8)

0.002

NPI-Q: Anxiety

2.0 (1.0–4.1)

0.049

3.9 (1.8–8.7)

0.0005

2.8 (1.0–8.1)

0.051

15.8 (4.3–76.7)

0.0001

NPI-Q: Apathy

4.2 (2.1–8.7)

0.00008

6.5 (3.0–14.5)

0.000002

5.0 (1.7–14.9)

0.003

10.0 (2.9–38.9)

0.0004

NPI-Q: Disinhibition

5.0 (2.2–12.2)

0.0002

6.6 (2.0–16.9)

0.00004

4.7 (1.4–15.6)

0.01

13.0 (3.5–53.3)

0.0002

NPI-Q: Irritability

4.3 (2.1–9.3)

0.0001

2.1 (0.8–5.0)

0.11

2.6 (0.8–8.0)

0.11

18.2 (5.1–79.1)

0.00002

NPI-Q: Motor

6.1 (2.1–20.0)

0.001

17.2 (5.8–61.8)

0.000002

14.2 (3.8–59.7)

0.0001

23.1 (5.5–112.1)

0.00003

NPI-Q: Appetite

1.3 (0.6–2.8)

0.52

1.4 (0.6–3.3)

0.40

3.5 (1.1–11.3)

0.032

0.4 (0–2.4)

0.42

  1. aQMP indicates the quadruple misfolded protein phenotype: Braak NFT stages V or VI, LATE-NC stage > 1, and neocortical LBs
  2. bp < 0.05 in bold
  3. c“Psychosis” combines the NPI-Q fields of delusions and hallucinations
  4. ADNC = Severe Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes; Braak NFT stages V or VI; LATE-NC = limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes; LBs = Lewy bodies